Glossary
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Heat source | The place or medium a heat pump takes heat from (air, water, ground, waste heat). |
| Heat sink | The place or medium a heat pump delivers heat to (water, air, process). |
| Air-to-water | Heat pump that takes heat from outdoor air and heats water. |
| Water-to-water | Heat pump that takes heat from one water stream and heats another. |
| Ground-source heat pump | Heat pump that uses the ground as its source through a buried loop. |
| Brine | Water mixed with antifreeze (for example glycol) used in ground or cold loops. |
| Horizontal loop | Ground loop laid in trenches about 1–2 m deep. |
| Vertical loop | Ground loop placed in boreholes, typically 50–150 m deep. |
| Air-to-air | Heat pump that heats or cools air directly, such as a room AC. |
| Four-way reversing valve | Valve that swaps an air-to-air heat pump between cooling and heating. |
| VRF | Variable refrigerant flow: one outdoor unit serving many indoor units. |
| Heat-recovery VRF | VRF that heats some rooms and cools others at the same time. |
| Desuperheater | Small heat exchanger that recovers heat from hot discharge gas to make hot water. |
| Monoblock | Heat pump with the full refrigerant circuit sealed in one unit; water connected on site. |
| Split | Heat pump with outdoor and indoor units joined by refrigerant pipes. |
| High-temperature heat pump (HTHP) | Heat pump delivering about 80–120 °C. |
| Critical temperature | Temperature above which a refrigerant cannot be condensed to liquid. |
| Temperature lift | Difference between sink and source temperatures; bigger lift lowers COP. |
| GWP | Global warming potential: warming effect of a gas compared with CO₂. |
| Carnot COP | The ideal, highest possible COP between two temperatures. |
| Simultaneous heating and cooling | Using a heat pump's cold and hot sides at the same time. |
| Balancing coil | Air coil that rejects or absorbs extra heat when heating and cooling loads do not match. |
| Waste heat | Heat currently thrown away, such as chiller condenser water or warm drain. |
| Solar water heater | System that heats water with sunlight using flat-plate or evacuated-tube collectors. |
| Electric geyser | Resistance water heater; about 1 kWh heat per kWh of electricity. |
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